What was the first U.S. law banning immigration based on nationality, specifically targeting Chinese workers?

• A. Chinese Exclusion Act
• B. Immigration Act of 1924
• C. Gentlemen's Agreement
• D. Naturalization Act

Answer: (A)

A law enacted in 1882 was the first U.S. measure to ban immigration based on nationality, explicitly targeting Chinese workers. It barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States for a period of years and also limited Chinese residents’ ability to become naturalized citizens, reflecting a shift toward nationality-based restrictions in federal policy. This act set a precedent for later immigration controls and was part of the broader rise of nativist attitudes in the era.

The other options don’t fit the scenario. The Immigration Act of 1924 established broad national-origin quotas rather than a targeted ban on Chinese workers. The Gentlemen’s Agreement was an informal diplomatic understanding with Japan, not a formal law restricting immigration. The Naturalization Act dealt with who could become a citizen, not who could enter the country.